Frequency modulation, or FM, is an analog modulation scheme that encodes information by changing the frequency of a carrier wave.
FM is commonly used in
- FM Radio stations to transmit music and speech
- Pager standards such as POCSAG
- Weather satellites sending pictures using Automatic Picture Transmission (APT)
- Handheld radio transceivers using Narrow FM (NFM)
Implementation in Python
import math
RATE = 32_000
# Phase accumulator
ph = 0
for s in samples:
ph += 2 * math.pi * s / RATE
i = math.sin(ph)
q = math.cos(ph)
write(i, q)
Citation
If you find this work useful, please cite it as:
@article{yaltirakliwikifrequencymodulation,
title = "Frequency Modulation",
author = "Yaltirakli, Gokberk",
journal = "gkbrk.com",
year = "2024",
url = "https://www.gkbrk.com/wiki/frequency-modulation/"
} Not using BibTeX? Click here for more citation styles.
IEEE Citation Gokberk Yaltirakli, "Frequency Modulation", December, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.gkbrk.com/wiki/frequency-modulation/. [Accessed Dec. 17, 2024].
APA Style Yaltirakli, G. (2024, December 17). Frequency Modulation. https://www.gkbrk.com/wiki/frequency-modulation/
Bluebook Style Gokberk Yaltirakli, Frequency Modulation, GKBRK.COM (Dec. 17, 2024), https://www.gkbrk.com/wiki/frequency-modulation/